Background and Introduction
Rational use of
medicine (RUM) is a key component of an effective healthcare system. Rational
medicine use is defined as the proper selection, prescribing, dispensing, and
administration of pharmaceuticals to obtain the best therapeutic outcomes while
minimizing potential dangers and side effects, as well as reducing the economic
burden on patients in the country [1]. The principles of rational use of
medicine include accurate diagnosis, suitable medicine selection, proper
dosage, and comprehensive patient and/or caregiver education. Around the world,
only 50% of patients use the correct form of a prescription, and more than 50%
of medicines that are prescribed are sold and distributed inappropriately [2].
Irrational medicine use leads to mortality and morbidity, medicine waste,
adverse medicine reactions, and ultimately economic failure [3]. Around two
billion people worldwide do not have access to rational medicines [4]. Only one
third of the world's population has sustained access to rational medicines. Essential
medicines are medicines that are in the right dosage form, with a sufficient
amount of active ingredient, are constantly available, and are ultimately
intended to meet the health needs of a society [5]. Despite access to essential
medicines, medicines are insufficiently available and do not meet their needs
[6]. As a result of irrational use of medicine, from patients who receive the
right medicine, 50 percent of them cannot use it properly. Almost half of the
medicine costs are wasted through irrational medicine use. Overall, medicine
use is influenced by various factors, such as the provider's experience,
economic factors, cultural factors, community beliefs, and personal beliefs
[6]. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics present a significant challenge
contributing to antimicrobial resistance, morbidity, and mortality,
additionally use of unsterile injectables leads to blood-borne diseases such as
HIV, hepatitis B, and C. A study
conducted across 97 different developing countries indicates that 71
percent of irrational use of medicine occurred in the public health sector and
29 percent in the private health sector [7]. Afghanistan has faced several
challenges related to the rational use of medicine, as have many other
developing countries [8]. Irrational prescribing, dispensing practices, and the
use of medicine are widespread across Afghanistan. Lack of information about
medicine and lack of guidelines for treatment lead to improper treatment and
irrational use of medicine [9]. Furthermore, poor implementation, enforcement
of regulations, and poor human resources are the big obstacles related to the
rational use of medicine [10].
Acknowledging
the significance of this issue, the national research conference on
"Rational Medicine Use and Future Perspectives in Afghanistan"
underwent a comprehensive review and was formally approved based on the second
protocol decision of the research committee of the Mili University. This
decision was officially finalized on 6th May 2024 following extensive
deliberation, receiving majority endorsement from committee members. The
Academic Council of the institution formally approved the topic during its 5th
protocol meeting on 4th August 2024 after careful review. Following this
approval, the proposal was submitted to the Ministry of Higher Education for
final validation. The department of Research, Compilation, and Translation
within the ministry then conducted a comprehensive review to ensure its
alignment with academic and policy standards. Finally, during the 7th official
meeting of the scientific board on 9th November 2024, the proposal received
formal endorsement, marking a significant milestone in its official approval
process. Mili University, driven by its vision, mission, and strategic
objectives, is committed to establishing itself as a pioneering and innovative
academic center for scientific research in Afghanistan. Through dedication to
excellence, it strives to foster groundbreaking research, contribute to
knowledge development, and support national academic advancements. This university
believes that knowledge creation, the enhancement of intellectual capacity, and
the fostering of innovation can only be achieved through impactful, high-quality,
and standardized research. Therefore, the
institution aims to foster a productive academic environment through the
initiation, advancement, and expansion of scientific research, benefiting
students, educators, and communities not only within the country but also
across the region and the world. In this regard, Mili University seeks to
organize and host a national research conference titled "Rational Medicine
Use and Future Perspectives in Afghanistan." The primary objective is to
establish a strong academic foundation that fosters new knowledge,
interdisciplinary collaboration, and advancements in the fields of public
health, healthcare, education, and research.